‫‪www.nec.org.sd‬‬ ‫ا ب ا ‬ ‫وﺙـــ ا ــق‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬ ‫‪27‬ـ )‪ (1‬ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻋﻬﺩﹰﺍ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻫل ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻬﻡ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻴﺤﺘﺭﻤﻭﺍ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﻨـﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻤﻠﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ؛ ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻝﻠﻌﺩﺍﻝـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﺘﺤﻤﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﺯﺯﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﺫﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻜل ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻬﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺜﻴـﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴـﺔ‬ ‫ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ ﺠﺯ ‪‬ﺀ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺠﺯﺃ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ﺘﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘـﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺘـﺼﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﺘﻘﺹ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺭﺍﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪28‬ـ ﻝﻜل ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺤﻕ ﺃﺼﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺭﺍﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺤﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻫـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺤﺭﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺇﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺘﻌﺴﻔﹰﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪29‬ـ ﻝﻜل ﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺨﻀﺎﻉ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺒﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺤـﺒﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺤﺭﻤﺎﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺭﻴﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤﺭﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺨﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝ ‪‬‬ ‫‪30‬ـ )‪ (1‬ﻴﺤﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻻﺘ��ﺎﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻗﻴﻕ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺸﻜﺎﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﺴﺘﺭﻗﺎﻕ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺨـﻀﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺴﺨﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻜﻌﻘﻭﺒﺔ ﺘﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﻨـﺔ ﺒﻭﺴـﺎﻁﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺭﻏﺎﻡ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻤل ﻗﺴﺭﹰﺍ ﺇ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬