CHAPTER 2. APPEALS 189. Appeals:(1) Appeals against judgement of Payam Court shall lie to a County Court of 1st grade Judge . Appeals against judgements of a County Court of the first or second grade Judge shall lie to the High Court. (2) Appeals against judgements of a High Court Judge shall lie to the Court of Appeal. 190. Cross and Subsidiary Appeal:(1) The respondent may, at any stage before final submission, submit a cross appeal in the manner prescribed herein for presenting appeals, or by a memorandum containing the grounds thereof. (2) Where the original appeal has been withdrawn or dismissed the Court may proceed to hear and determine the cross appeal after serving notice on the original appellant. (3) Where the respondent has accepted the judgement appealed against before the appeal was submitted or where the time for appeal has expired, such cross appeal shall be deemed as a cross appeal incidental to the original appeal and shall lapse with it. 191. Time for Appeal:An appeal shall be submitted within a period of fifteen days from the date of the commencement of the time for objection specified in section 176. 192. Grounds which may be taken in Appeal:(1) The appellant shall not, except by leave of the Court, urge any ground of objection not set forth in the memorandum of appeal. (2) Nevertheless, the Court in deciding the appeal shall not be confined to the grounds of objection set forth in the memorandum or taken by leave of the Court. (3) Where the Court rests its decision in favour of the appellant on any grounds not urged in the memorandum, it shall give notice to the respondent and allow him to contents such grounds. 193. Reversal of Decree on a Ground Common to all the Parties:Where there are more plaintiffs or more defendants in a suit and the decree appealed against proceeds on any ground common to all the plaintiffs or to all the defendants, any one of the plaintiffs or of the defendants may appeal from the whole decree, and thereupon the Court may reverse or vary the whole decree, in favour of all the plaintiffs or defendants, as the case may be. 194. Hearing of Appeal:If the appeal is not summarily dismissed under section 186, the Court may decide the appeal on written submissions and the parties are not entitled to address the Court in person or by counsel except with the leave of the Court. 41