Art. 76 new. (Law 83-800 of 2-8-1983) – The following are considered as joint: 1. All property acquired by the spouses for a fee during the marriage, except for those mentioned in the preceding article. 2. Property offered or bequeathed jointly to the two spouses; 3. The benefits and salaries of the spouses originating from their professional activities, as well as the savings from their personal revenues. However, the gains and salary that the wife acquires from a profession apart from that of her husband are reserved to her administration, her enjoyment and her free disposal within the scope fixed by article 80. The source and the substance of property reserved are established vis-à-vis the husband as well as third parties in accordance with the provision of article 77. Art.77 new. (Law 83-800 of 2-8-1983) - Any property is presumed to be common if it cannot be proved that it belongs solely to one of the spouses. If there is a dispute over the nature of a property, the spouse’s personal ownership of the said property must be established in writing. The judge can admit evidence by testimony or presumption only if the spouse is in a state of material or moral incapacity of obtaining a written document. Art. 78 new (law 83-800 of 2-8-1983) – Spouses can make claims of personal ownership of a property against a third party only if the latter knew or should know that the said property is personal. Art. 79 new. (Law 83-800 of 2-8-1983) - Subject to what is said in articles 68, 76 and 81, joint property are administered by the husband. Art. 80 new. (Law 83-800 of 2-8-1983) - The wife has the same powers to administer reserved property, as those attributed to the husband to administer the other common property. Art. 81 new. (Law 83-800 of 2-8-1983) - The husband alone exercises all the acts of administration or disposal on the common property, but cannot, without the support of the wife: - dispose of these property inter vivos free of charge; - alienate or encumber real rights, buildings, business or operations that pertain to the joint ownership. Bequests made by the husband cannot exceed his share in the joint ownership. Art.82 new. (Law 83-800 of 2-8-1983) - If one of the spouses has gone beyond his/her powers over the common property or over the reserved property, the other, unless he/she has ratified the act, can request for its cancellation. The invalidity action can be pursued by the partner within a period 2 years following the day he/she became aware of this action. It cannot in any circumstance be exercised after a period of 2 years following the dissolution of the joint ownership. Art. 83 new. (Law 83-800 of 2-8-1983) – Each spouse is entitled to the administration, the enjoyment and the free disposal of their own property. Art. 84 new. (Law 83-800 of 2-8-1983) - Debts incurred by any of the spouses can be prosecuted: 1. on either common property or own property if they relate to needs and expenses of the family; 2. on the common property and the personal property of the person who incurred the debts, if they do not relate to the needs and expenses of the family. 9