CHAPTER 4: ABUSE OF AUTHORITY Article 554: Any soldier who except in the case of legitimate defense uses violence against a subordinate shall be punished by six months to five years of military detention. The perpetrators of the above-mentioned act are liable to the penalties provided for in articles 381 and 383 when, due to their consequences, the violence constitutes a more severely punished offence. Article 555: Any member of the army, who, by any means whatsoever, seriously offends a subordinate without having been provoked to do so, shall be punished by two months to six months of military detention. The penalty shall be from two months to one year of military detention if the acts take place during service, on the occasion of service or on board a ship or aircraft. Article 556: There is no offence if the acts referred to in articles 554 and 555 above are committed in order to rally fugitives in the presence of the enemy, rebels or an armed band or to stop either looting or devastation or disorder likely to compromise the safety of a ship or aircraft. If the acts referred to in articles 554 and 555 above take place without the superior knowing the status of the victim, the penalty shall be six days to one year of military detention and a fine of 30,000 to 500,000 francs. Article 557: Any soldier who abuses his powers of requisition or who refuses to give receipt of the quantities supplied shall be punished by two months to two years of military detention. Any soldier who requisitions without being entitled to do so shall be punished by one to five years of military detention. The penalty shall be five to ten years of military detention if the requisition is carried out with violence. The penalties provided for in this article shall be pronounced without prejudice to the restitution to which the convict may be sentenced. Military dismissal or stripping off rank may also be pronounced. Article 558: Any member of the army who illegally establishes or runs a court shall be punished by ten to twenty years of military detention, without prejudice to any greater penalties that may be incurred as a result of the detentions suffered or the execution of sentences pronounced. CHAPTER 5: OFFENSES AGAINST INSTRUCTIONS Article 559: Any member of the military who violates a general instruction or an instruction that he has personally been given to carry out or to cause to be carried out, or who violates an