9. EVIDENCE - PRESUMPTION OF LAW: Whether a man is presumed to intend the natural consequences of his acts "Our law is that a man is presumed to intend the natural consequences of his acts. The test to be applied is that of a reasonable man. A man intends, the result of his action. See Adelumola Vs. State (1988) 1 NWLR pt.73 page 683, Arabaman Vs. The State (1972) 4 SC page 35, Uyo Vs. Attorney General Bendel State (1986) 1 ALL NLR page 112, Garba vs. The State (2000) FWLR pt 24 page 1448, Ibikunle Vs. The State (2007) 1 SC pt.II page 32." Per NDUKWE-ANYANWU, J.C.A. (Pp. 37-38, paras. G-B) (...read in context) 10. CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE - PROOF BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT: Requirement and meaning of proof beyond reasonable doubt "I would emphasise that requirement of proof beyond reasonable doubt does not mean proof beyond all or every shadow of doubt, both reasonable and unreasonable in the peculiar circumstances of a case. It simply means that there is sufficient, admissible and credible evidence that all the essential ingredients or elements constituting the offence an accused was charged with, were established, that would justify the conviction of the accused person by the court. See Jua v State (2010) 43 WRN 1 at 24-5 (10) 4 NWLR (1184) 217; Amah v State (1978) 6-7 SC.27; Afolalu v. State (2010) 6-7 MJSC, 187." Per NDUKWE-ANYANWU, J.C.A. (Pp. 40-41, paras. F-B) (...read in context) 11. CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE - RETRACTED CONFESSIONAL STATEMENT: What the trial court is expected to do where a confessional statement is retracted "Where an accused retracts his statement during the tendering of such statement, a trial within trial is conducted see Olayinka vs. state (2007) 9 NWLR pt.1040 Page 561." Per NDUKWE-ANYANWU, J.C.A. (P. 23, paras. E-F) (...read in context) 12. CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE - RETRACTED CONFESSIONAL STATEMENT: Whether mare retraction of a voluntary confessional statement by an accused person renders such statement inadmissible