MOGOENG CJ 1. The application for direct access is granted. 2. Freedom of Religion South Africa is granted leave to intervene. 3. The application for leave to appeal is dismissed. 4. It is declared that the common law defence of reasonable and moderate parental chastisement is inconsistent with the provisions of sections 10 and 12(1)(c) of the Constitution. 5. There will be no order as to costs. 28