12 minds of the vast majority of prisoners, if not also to their bodies. So far as can be seen at present, the most practical and hopeful of 'prison reforms' is to keep people out of prison altogether.' I am sure there are those who would be disposed to question the first sentence, especially in the case of comparatively short term prisoners; but I doubt whether there are many who would wish to quarrel with the second. Even if imprisonment has no permanent detrimental effect on a prisoner, it means loss of employment, temporary, if not permanent, loss of wife and family, the risk of contamination and impaired ability to get further employment. Small wonder then that prison has come to be regarded as the sentencer's last resort." The learned author referred to various reforms made in England, mostly as the outcome of twentieth century legislation, but concluded (at