‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﻯ ﻋﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻁل‬ ‫ﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺭﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﻭﺘﺠﺎﻫل ﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪ (1)-91‬ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﺎﻁل ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﺨﺘل ﻓﻴﻪ ﺭﻜﻥ ﺒﺎﺼﻠﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺒﻭﺼﻔﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﺫﺍﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺨﺹ ﻓﺎﻗـﺩ ﺍﻻﻫﻠﻴـﻪ ‪،‬ﺍﻭ ﺍﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﻓﻴ�� ﺍﻟﺭﻀﺎ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤل ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻭﺍﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺤل ﺍﻭ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺏ ﺸﺭﻭﻁﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻟﻡ ﻴﺘـﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺸﻜل ﻴﻔﺭﻀﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻻﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻨﺹ ﺨﺎﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﺎﻁﻼﹰ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﻟﻡ ﻴﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻨﻪ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻜﺘﺏ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻴﺴﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻁل‬ ‫‪(1)-92‬ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻁل ﻻﻴﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﻼ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺍﺜﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﺠﺎﺯﺓ‬ ‫)‪(2‬ﻟﻜل ﺫﻯ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻥ ﻴﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻀﻰ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ‪،‬ﻋﻠـﻲ ﺍﻨـﻪ ﻻﺘﺴـﻤﻊ ﺩﻋـﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻀﻰ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻁل‬ ‫‪-93‬ﺍﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﺎﻁل ﺍﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻭﻓﺎ ﻭﺍﺒﻁل ﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﺎﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫـﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﺤﻴﻼ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻀﻰ ﺒﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻋﺎﺩل ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻻﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻨﺎﻗﺹ ﺍﻻﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﺒﻁل ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﻟﻨﻘﺹ ﺍﻫﻠﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺌﻰ‬ ‫‪-94‬ﺍﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺸﻕ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻁﻼﹰ ﺍﻭ ﻤﻭﻗﻭﻓﺎ ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻕ ﻭﺤﺩﻩ ﻫﻭﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻴﺒﻁل ﺍﻭﻴﻘﻑ ﺍﻻ ﺍﺫﺍ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﻤﺎﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻕ ﺍﻟﺫﻯ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺒﺎﻁﻼ ﺍﻭ ﻤﻭﻗﻭﻓﺎ ﻓﻴﺒﻁل ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﻜﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -95‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﺎﻁﻼ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻭﻗﻭﻓﺎ ﻭﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺃﺨﺭ‪،‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺎ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﺕ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻨﻪ ‪،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺩ‬