6
between the plaintiff and the defendant’s experts. She compiled a report in which she
set out the factual information derived during the consultations, described the
development of post-traumatic stress disorder and so-called traumagenic states in
child-abuse survivors, identified the characteristics of such a condition and matched it
to the idiosyncrasies displayed by the plaintiff as a child and in her adult years up to
the time that she instituted action against the defendant. She recognised that the
plaintiff had always been aware of the fact that the defendant had abused her between
the ages of 6 and fifteen years. It was her opinion that the plaintiff’s realisation that
the defendant was responsible for the abuse was a gradual process which probably
commenced in late 1996 and that she could not be said to have acquired knowledge
that it was not she but the defendant who was responsible until some time in 1997. Ms
Fredman referred to published learning on the subject of child abuse and its effects on
survivors and particularly to ‘The Traumatic Impact of Child Sexual Abuse: A
Conceptualization’, by David Finkelhor and Angela Browne of the Family Violence
Research Programme of the University of New Hampshire, Durham, published in the
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry in October 1985, and to Trauma and Recovery,
The aftermath of violence - from domestic abuse to political terror, (Ch 5, ‘Child
Abuse’), by Judith Lewis Herman, New York, 1992.
[10] Finkelhor and Browne analyze sexual abuse in terms of four trauma-inducing
factors (‘traumagenic dynamics’) – traumatic sexualization, betrayal, powerlessness
and stigmatization. All of these distort a child’s cognitive and emotional relationship
with the world. Traumatic sexualization is a process in which a child’s sexuality is