20
Constitution of Kenya, 2010
(2) Every person shall enjoy the rights and fundamental freedoms
in the Bill of Rights to the greatest extent consistent with the nature of
the right or fundamental freedom.
(3) In applying a provision of the Bill of Rights, a court shall—
(a) develop the law to the extent that it does not give effect to a
right or fundamental freedom; and
(b) adopt the interpretation that most favours the enforcement of
a right or fundamental freedom.
(4) In interpreting the Bill of Rights, a court, tribunal or other
authority shall promote—
(a) the values that underlie an open and democratic society
based on human dignity, equality, equity and freedom; and
(b) the spirit, purport and objects of the Bill of Rights.
(5) In applying any right under Article 43, if the State claims that it
does not have the resources to implement the right, a court, tribunal or
other authority shall be guided by the following principles—
(a) it is the responsibility of the State to show that the resources
are not available;
(b) in allocating resources, the State shall give priority to ensuring
the widest possible enjoyment of the right or fundamental
freedom having regard to prevailing circumstances, including
the vulnerability of particular groups or individuals; and
(c) the court, tribunal or other authority may not interfere with a
decision by a State organ concerning the allocation of
available resources, solely on the basis that it would have
reached a different conclusion.
Implementation of rights and fundamental freedoms.
21. (1) It is a fundamental duty of the State and every State organ
to observe, respect, protect, promote and fulfil the rights and
fundamental freedoms in the Bill of Rights.
(2) The State shall take legislative, policy and other measures,
including the setting of standards, to achieve the progressive
realisation of the rights guaranteed under Article 43.
(3) All State organs and all public officers have the duty to
address the needs of vulnerable groups within society, including
women, older members of society, persons with disabilities, children,
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