5 ° religious discrimination means any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on religion which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life. Article 227: The above provisions do not apply: 1° to distinctions, exclusions, restrictions or preferences established by the State of Côte d’Ivoire between its nationals and foreign nationals; 2° to special measures taken in favor of certain racial or ethnic groups, or individuals in need of special protection for the exercise of their fundamental rights; 3° distinctions and clarifications made for purely scientific or technical purposes in documents intended exclusively for specialists in the above-mentioned fields 4° to jokes relating to interethnic alliances established according to the customs and traditions of the populations of Côte d’Ivoire. None of the above provisions shall be interpreted as affecting in any way the legislative or regulatory provisions of the State of Côte d’Ivoire relating to nationality and citizenship. Article 228: Anyone who is guilty of racism, xenophobia, tribalism or racial or religious discrimination shall be punished by imprisonment for five to ten years and a fine of 500,000 to 5,000,000 francs. The penalty shall be doubled if: 1° the offence was committed by means of the written press or any other written material, radio, television or any other information and communication technology instrument allowing for widespread dissemination ; 2° the offence was committed on the occasion of or in the course of a political demonstration or rally of a political nature; 3° the offence was committed by a public official within the meaning of article 254, in which case the court may order the removal from office if the offender was responsible for protecting the rights he or she violated; In the event of a conviction for tribalism, the trial court shall order the revocation of the benefits unduly granted. Article 229: Defamation, insult or threats made under the conditions provided for in article 184 against a group of people who belong by their origin to a particular race, ethnic group or religion,