Illustrations:(a) (“A”) unfastens the moorings of a boat in which (“Z”) is sitting so that the boat drifts down the river. (“A”) has caused motion to (“Z”); (b) (“A”) lashes the horse on which (“Z”) is riding so that the horse quickens its pace, (“A”) has caused change of motion to (“Z”); (c) (“A”) seizes the rein of (“Z’s”) horse and stops the horse, (“A”) has caused cessation of motion to (“Z”); (d) (“A”) pushes against (“Z”) in the street, (“A”) has caused his own body to come into contact with (“Z”); (e) (“A”) throws a stone at (“Z”) and hits him; (f) (“A”) rides past (“Z”) on a muddy road and splashes him; (g) (“A”) pulls up the veil of Mary; (h) (“A”) pours boiling water into the bath in which (“Z”) is bathing. (“A”) has caused the boiling water to come into contact with the water in the bath, so as to affect (“Z’s”) sense of feeling; (i) (“A”) incites a dog to spring upon (“Z”). In all the above cases, (“A”) has used force to (“Z”). Section 294 - “Criminal Force Defined”: Whoever intentionally uses force to any person without that person’s consent in order to commit any offence or intending by the use of such force to cause or knowing it to be likely that by the use of such force he will cause injury, fear or annoyance to the person to whom the force is used, is said to use criminal force to that other. Section 295 - “Assault Defined”: Whoever makes any gesture or any preparation intending or knowing it to be likely that such gesture or preparation will cause any person present to apprehend that the person making it is about to use criminal force to that person, is said to commit an assault. Explanation:- Mere words do not amount to an assault. But words which a person uses may give to his gestures or preparations such a meaning as may make those gestures and preparations amount to an assault. Illustrations:(a) (“A”) shakes his fist at (“Z”), intending or knowing it to be likely that he may thereby cause (“Z”) to believe that (“A”) is about to strike (“Z”), (“A”) has committed an assault (b) (“A”) begins to unclose the muzzle of a ferocious dog intending or knowing it to be likely that he may thereby cause (“Z”) to believe that he is about to cause the dog to attack (“A”) has committed an assault upon (“Z”). 81