(b) favour of withdrawal, supported by two-thirds of all the members of the council; and the resolution is supported by a resolution of Parliament. 179. Boundaries of local government units. (1) (a) (b) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament may— alter the boundaries of districts; and create new districts. (2) Any measure to alter the boundary of a district or to create a new district shall be supported by a majority of all the members of Parliament. (3) Parliament shall by law empower district councils to alter the boundaries of lower local government units and to create new local government units within their districts. (4) Any measure for the alteration of the boundaries of or the creation of districts or administrative units shall be based on the necessity for effective administration and the need to bring services closer to the people, and it may take into account the means of communication, geographical features, density of population, economic viability and the wishes of the people concerned. 180. Local government councils. (1) A local government shall be based on a council which shall be the highest political authority within its area of jurisdiction and which shall have legislative and executive powers to be exercised in accordance with this Constitution. (2) Parliament shall by law prescribe the composition, qualifications, functions and electoral procedures in respect of local government councils, except that— (a) the person elected as district chairperson of a local government shall be a member of the council; (b) one-third of the membership of each local government council shall be reserved for women; (c) any law enacted by virtue of this article shall provide for affirmative action for all marginalised groups referred to in article 32 of this Constitution; and (d) Parliament shall exercise similar powers of review as stipulated