‫‪www.nec.org.sd‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬ﺘﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻤـﺴﺘﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤ���ﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (9‬ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﺨل ﻭﺍﻹﻴﺭﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﻭﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﺭﻭﺓ ﺍﻷﺨـﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻘﻬﺎ ﻜل ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (10‬ﹸﺘﻔﺭﺽ ﻜل ﺍﻝﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝـﻙ ﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴـﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺼﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻔﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻌﺏﺀ ﺍﻝـﻀﺭﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﺯﺍﺌـﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭﻴﻥ ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (11‬ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻷﻱ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺤﺠﺏ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺨﺼﺼﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺤـﻭﻴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﺤﻘﺔ ﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺁﺨﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻷﻱ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﺅ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴـﺎ‬ ‫ﻝﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬ ‫‪ (1) -186‬ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﻴﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (2‬ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻠﻑ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (3‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻜل ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺩﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻭﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﻝﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘـﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠـﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺠﻬـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬ ‫‪ (1) -187‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺱ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﻤﻔﻭﻀﻴﺔ ﻗﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ ﻝﻬـﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ‪:‬ـ‬ ‫)ﺃ( ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻜﺎﻡ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺒـﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋـﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬